The Arab region expanded its gross domestic product by 1.8 percent to reach about $3.6 trillion in 2024, reflecting resilience in the face of regional headwinds. Growth was heavily concentrated in a core group of economies, with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Iraq, and Algeria together driving the majority of regional expansion. Those five economies alone accounted for more than 72 percent of the Arab region’s total GDP, underscoring the uneven but pronounced momentum within the region. As the year closed, global and regional institutions pointed to a cautiously positive path ahead, anchored by robust investment activity, ongoing energy sector reform, and strategic diversification efforts. This broad backdrop aligns with expectations from major rating agencies that see a modest uptick in regional growth in 2025, supported by oil production gains, large-scale investment projects, and continued fiscal and structural reforms.
Overview of 2024 Regional GDP Performance
The 2024 data released by the Arab Investment and Export Credit Guarantee Corporation, commonly known as Dhaman, provides a comprehensive view of how the region navigated a complex balance of opportunities and risks. The headline figure—a 1.8 percent expansion in regional GDP—signals a notable, though uneven, recovery trajectory after a year marked by macroeconomic volatility in parts of the Middle East and North Africa. In delving into the composition, the data makes clear that growth was not uniformly distributed across the region. Rather, it was significantly boosted by a handful of large economies that carry outsized influence on the aggregate numbers. The convergence of high-scale public investment, favorable energy market dynamics, and ongoing reform programs created a favorable tailwind for these economies. The result is a region that, while still facing structural challenges and geopolitical tensions, demonstrated a capacity to translate investment into measurable output gains.
Within this framework, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Iraq, and Algeria stand out as the primary engines of growth. Their combined output accounted for more than three-quarters of regional GDP when measured by value added and output levels. The concentration of activity in these economies reflects strategic policy choices that emphasize diversification, modernization of infrastructure, energy sector reforms, and the mobilization of capital through public and sovereign wealth channels. The data suggests that the remaining Arab economies collectively contributed a smaller, but still meaningful, portion of the total growth, underscoring a dual dynamic: a core of highly dynamic economies lifting overall performance, and a periphery where reforms and investment may yield longer-term gains but with more gradual impact in the near term.
Looking ahead to 2025, the outlook appears stable and increasingly constructive. Moody’s, in its January assessment, projected a 0.8 percentage point uplift in annual growth across the Middle East and North Africa as a result of the combination of higher oil production and accelerated investment activity. The agency estimated a regional growth rate of about 2.9 percent for 2025, up from 2.1 percent in 2024, while maintaining a stable outlook on sovereign credit fundamentals across the region for the next 12 months. A parallel positive signal from Moody’s highlighted that the region’s expansion would be supported by a more favorable climate for large-scale capital expenditure, including projects tied to energy, infrastructure, and diversified sectors. The data also pointed to a modest but meaningful improvement in the region’s growth prospects for 2025, with an expected rate of about 1.4 percent for the broader Arab economy. This projected acceleration reflects both sectoral resilience within oil-producing economies and the broader push toward diversification that characterizes several national development plans.
The Dhaman data also emphasized an important structural characteristic of the 2024 landscape: 14 Arab countries were forecast to contribute to expansion in 2025, with nine oil-producing economies forming a substantial share of that outcome. Together, these oil-exporting nations are responsible for more than 78 percent of Arab GDP, illustrating how energy dynamics remain central to the region’s macroeconomic trajectory. The expectation of continued regional expansion in 2025 rests on several pillars: resilience in energy revenues even as production policies evolve, ongoing implementation of diversification programs, and the capacity of sovereigns and governments to translate investment into productive capacity and employment. In addition, the outlook underscored a cautious optimism about easing regional unrest and geopolitical tensions, albeit acknowledging that political and security risks linger in various parts of the region and could influence the pace and distribution of growth.
Moody’s analysis further aligns with the broader narrative that investment and policy discipline will be the primary levers of performance in 2025. The agency highlighted that large-scale investments in 2025 would have their most visible impact in Saudi Arabia, driven by substantial government spending and sovereign wealth fund activity linked to the Vision 2030 diversification program. While Saudi Arabia is often at the center of regional discussions about reform and growth, Moody’s also stressed that the bring-forward of investment and the unwinding of some production constraints would contribute to a broader regional acceleration, particularly among hydrocarbon exporters. The data and forecasts present a nuanced picture: a region whose near-term growth arc is increasingly driven by energy sector dynamics, policy reform, and strategic capital deployment, while the non-oil segments lag or lag-adjust gradually as structural reforms take hold.
Key Growth Contributors: Top Economies and Sectoral Dynamics
A deep dive into the composition of the 2024 performance highlights the outsized role played by a select group of economies. Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Iraq, and Algeria emerged as the primary growth leaders. Their performance was propelled by a mix of robust oil production, large-scale investment programs, and continuing reforms designed to attract private capital, improve business efficiency, and boost non-oil sectors. The concentration of GDP contribution in these economies is a clear signal of both opportunity and risk: while the regional upside is concentrated in a few large actors, the health and reforms of these economies have outsized implications for the entire region’s macro performance.
In Saudi Arabia, the growth impulse was closely tied to the ongoing diversification push under the Vision 2030 framework. The Kingdom’s development agenda has been characterized by a substantial expansion of non-oil activity, increased capital spending on infrastructure, and strategic investments designed to foster employment generation and technology transfer. These efforts have not only supported domestic demand but have also enhanced the Kingdom’s attractiveness to international investors and global capital markets. The impact of these policies has been felt across a spectrum of sectors, including manufacturing, logistics, tourism, and digital services, each contributing to a more resilient and resilient growth profile even as oil remains a central revenue pillar.
The United Arab Emirates benefited from a similar mix of drivers but with distinct sectoral emphasis. The UAE’s growth trajectory in 2024 benefited from a combination of energy sector dynamics, large-scale infrastructure programs, and a broad-based expansion of non-oil activities, notably in trade, finance, technology, and services. The country’s approach to diversification—balancing energy revenues with a robust services economy—helped sustain output in environments where oil market conditions can be volatile. It also underscored the importance of a well-f financed investment climate, where sovereign wealth funds and government-led initiatives financed private sector expansion and modernization.
Egypt’s contribution to regional growth in 2024 reflected both structural reforms and targeted investment. The country’s growth was supported by strategic public investment in energy infrastructure, transport networks, and key industrial corridors, as well as reforms aimed at improving business conditions and attracting foreign direct investment. Egypt’s large domestic market and strategic geographic position in the Suez Canal region amplified the impact of these investments on trade, logistics, and regional connectivity. The result was a broader stabilization in economic activity and a more favorable outlook for 2025, anchored by continued reform momentum and the roll-out of major development projects.
Iraq and Algeria, while facing different challenges, contributed meaningfully to regional growth through a blend of energy-focused investments and public-sector initiatives. Iraq’s expansion benefited from renewed investment in energy infrastructure, downstream capacity, and the broader stabilization of the macroeconomic environment in the wake of conflicts and the reconstruction agenda. Algeria’s growth drew from both oil and gas revenues and diversification efforts aimed at reducing reliance on a single commodity and expanding non-hydrocarbon industries. In both cases, policy choices, macroeconomic stabilization, and the pace of project execution were critical factors shaping the trajectory of growth and the extent to which investment could translate into durable gains.
The 78 percent GDP share attributed to nine oil-producing economies among Arab nations underscores how closely the regional growth story remains tied to energy markets. Oil, gas, and related export revenues continue to influence government budgets, exchange rates, and public investment capacity. Yet, the data also captures a broader trend: governments in the region are intensifying diversification strategies to build resilience against oil price swings and to broaden the tax base, develop non-oil sectors, and expand private-sector-led growth. The path forward will likely hinge on the successful execution of large-scale infrastructure and development plans, the efficiency of public procurement, and the ability to attract non-oil investment in high-potential sectors such as manufacturing, high-tech services, tourism, and sustainable energy projects.
In addition to sectoral dynamics, the 2024 performance reflected a nuanced interaction between domestic policy choices and international market conditions. The regional outlook for 2025 is sensitive to energy price trajectories, global demand for hydrocarbons, and the pace at which capital expenditure translates into measurable outputs. The expectation of improved oil revenues and the possible expansion of gas and related export capabilities are central to sustaining the growth momentum. The broader region has benefited from ongoing reform programs that aim to improve business climate indicators, strengthen governance, and reduce the cost of doing business. However, the reforms require time to mature, and the outcomes depend on political stability, continuity of policy, and the capacity of institutions to implement complex, large-scale investments.
Investment and Policy Push: Vision 2030, Sovereign Wealth Funds, and Major Projects
A defining characteristic of the 2024 regional landscape is the scale and scope of investment programs designed to diversify economies beyond petroleum. The Vision 2030 reform agenda and related diversification plans in several Arab economies are central to the long-term resilience of the region. These programs emphasize the development of non-oil sectors, modernization of infrastructure, and improvements in the business environment, all with the aim of elevating productivity, creating jobs, and expanding export opportunities. The scale of investment, much of it channeled through government budgets and sovereign wealth funds, has played a critical role in supporting output growth in 2024 and setting the stage for the 2025 expansion.
Sovereign wealth funds have become increasingly active in financing strategic projects that align with diversification priorities. These entities have leveraged their assets to back infrastructure, energy, technology, and industrial development, while also participating in strategic partnerships with private sector players. The result is a more dynamic investment climate that incentivizes private capital, fosters technology transfer, and promotes the growth of high-value industries. The interplay between public capital and private investment has been a defining feature of the region’s development path, contributing to incremental gains in productivity and GDP.
From a policy perspective, governments in the region have continued to implement reforms to improve macroeconomic stability and enhance the business environment. This includes rationalizing subsidies, streamlining regulatory processes, improving public procurement, and strengthening governance standards. Corporate tax regimes and fiscal frameworks have also evolved in ways intended to bolster revenue mobilization without stifling growth. The cumulative effect of these reforms is a more predictable and supportive environment for investment, which is essential for sustaining the trajectory of growth observed in 2024 and anticipated for 2025.
In addition to domestic policy levers, regional energy market dynamics will continue to shape investment flows and growth patterns. The partial unwinding of oil production cuts under OPEC+ agreements is a critical factor for hydrocarbon-exporting economies, influencing revenue streams, fiscal planning, and the capacity to fund large-scale development programs. The timing and pace of this unwinding will, in turn, affect government budgets, balance-of-payments dynamics, and investment incentives across the region. As energy markets normalize or adjust to evolving demand patterns, policymakers will need to manage the interplay between energy revenues and diversification objectives, ensuring that short-term fiscal surpluses translate into sustainable, long-term gains for the broader economy.
Across the 14 Arab economies projected to contribute to 2025 growth, the diversification agenda remains prominent. Nine oil producers form a substantial share of Arab GDP, underscoring the centrality of energy sector reforms and investment in securing macroeconomic stability. As governments continue to push for structural reforms and capacity building, questions naturally arise about the pace of transformation in non-oil sectors such as manufacturing, technology-enabled services, logistics, and tourism. The challenge for policymakers lies in maintaining the delicate balance between leveraging oil-driven fiscal capacity to fund diversification and ensuring that reforms create durable, inclusive growth opportunities for a broad segment of the population.
The 2024 experience also highlights the importance of maintaining social and political stability as a prerequisite for sustained investment. Regions plagued by unrest or armed conflict face heightened risk premia, capital flight pressures, and potential disruptions to project execution. A more hopeful outlook for 2025 centers on a potential improvement in regional security conditions, which would lower risk premiums and unlock additional investment momentum. While indicators suggest a cautious optimism, the path toward comprehensive regional stability remains uncertain, underscoring the importance of proactive policy measures, regional cooperation, and inclusive development strategies that reduce volatility and promote shared prosperity.
Moody’s 2025 Outlook: Growth, Drivers, and Credit Fundamentals
Moody’s January 2025 assessment reinforces a view that the region is poised for a broader recovery in 2025, anchored by higher energy production and a continued push toward diversification. The agency’s forecast points to a 0.8 percentage point uplift in annual regional growth driven by energy sector momentum and the infusion of capital into flagship projects across the most dynamic economies. The anticipated regional growth rate of 2.9 percent for 2025 marks a meaningful upgrade from the 2.1 percent expansion recorded in 2024, reflecting the cumulative effect of investment, policy reforms, and improving external demand for energy and goods.
A key component of Moody’s outlook is the expected improvement in sovereign credit fundamentals across the Arab region over the next 12 months. This suggests greater fiscal flexibility, more stable macroeconomic conditions, and improved confidence among investors and lenders in the region’s ability to manage debt, finance growth, and weather commodity price fluctuations. The agency’s analysis highlights the role of large-scale investments in 2025 as a primary driver of economic activity, particularly in Saudi Arabia, where government and sovereign wealth fund spending is aligned with the strategic objectives of Vision 2030. This investment surge is expected to have ripple effects across related sectors, including construction, manufacturing, services, and technology, contributing to higher productivity and job creation.
Moody’s also underscored that the broader upturn in the MENA economy would be fueled by stronger growth among hydrocarbon exporters. The relaxation of some oil production restrictions under the OPEC+ framework is identified as a key catalyst for this trend. With production cuts partially unwinding, hydrocarbon-exporting nations are projected to experience faster real GDP growth in 2025, rising from 1.9 percent in 2024 to an estimated 3.5 percent in 2025. The countries driving this uplift include Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Iraq, Kuwait, and Oman, whose combined policy decisions and market positioning are central to the region’s energy strategy. The projected acceleration is contingent on the stability of energy markets, the pace of investment absorption, and the effectiveness of reforms aimed at enhancing non-hydrocarbon sectors.
Moody’s analysis further notes that the growth uplift will not be uniform across the region. While hydrocarbon exporters are expected to see a marked improvement, other economies—especially those with sizeable non-oil sectors or those reliant on tourism, manufacturing, or services—will depend on the success of diversification programs and the ability to attract private investment. The agency also cautions that geopolitical tensions, commodity price volatility, and the effectiveness of structural reforms could modulate the magnitude and sustainability of the predicted gains. In this environment, credit fundamentals will improve if governments maintain prudent fiscal policies, ensure transparent governance and procurement practices, and preserve macroeconomic stability in the face of external shocks.
From a sectoral perspective, the 2025 outlook anticipates a broad-based expansion beyond the energy sector. The momentum generated by large-scale projects and diversification initiatives is expected to lift non-oil activity, particularly in infrastructure, manufacturing, logistics, and digital services. The synergy between energy revenue and investment in non-energy sectors is central to the region’s strategy for long-term resilience, reducing volatility associated with energy markets, and supporting inclusive growth. The Moody’s forecast emphasizes the importance of maintaining progress on governance reforms, strengthening financial resilience, and improving the business climate to maximize the multiplier effects of investment across economies and sectors.
In sum, Moody’s 2025 outlook reinforces a narrative of cautious optimism for the Arab region. The expected growth uplift, underpinned by higher oil production and robust investment activity, is supported by a stable credit environment and a broad-based recovery in hydrocarbon exporters. The underlying drivers—oil market dynamics, Vision 2030-type diversification programs, sovereign wealth fund activity, and structural reforms—collectively shape a favorable trajectory for the region’s macroeconomic stability and longer-term development goals. The balance of opportunities and risks suggests that the next 12 months will be pivotal for determining whether the region can translate growth into durable improvements in productivity, employment, and living standards.
Oil Market Dynamics, Revenues, and Regional Growth
Oil and gas markets remain central to the Arab region’s growth calculus. The near-term environment is characterized by ongoing shifts in oil production and the strategic management of energy capacities. The unwinding of some production cuts under OPEC+ is a major structural adjustment, with implications for revenue streams, fiscal balances, and investment capacity across oil-dependent economies. As production norms shift, governments are tasked with calibrating budgets to accommodate potential fluctuations in energy revenue while continuing to fund diversification and development programs that aim to reduce long-term reliance on hydrocarbons. The financial and economic implications of these policy adjustments are significant, as they determine the extent to which energy earnings can sustain public investment and social programs while enabling structural transformation elsewhere in the economy.
In this context, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Iraq, Kuwait, and Oman occupy a pivotal role. Their decisions concerning energy production, investment timing, and public spending plans have a disproportionately large influence on regional growth dynamics. The unwinding of production cuts is expected to support improved energy revenue trajectories for these economies, which, in turn, strengthens fiscal flexibility and investment capacity. The reinforcements to fiscal buffers are especially important as governments continue to fund Vision 2030-era diversification initiatives and large-scale infrastructure enterprises. The anticipated revenue improvements support not only current project execution but also long-term plans for education, healthcare, and social welfare, creating a more balanced framework for growth across generations.
Moreover, the broader energy transition context adds a layer of complexity to the region’s growth prospects. While the corporate and sovereign strategies focus on maximizing energy returns in the near term, there is also a concerted push to expand non-hydrocarbon sectors that can participate in a lower-carbon economy. This dual approach—capitalizing on energy revenues while accelerating diversification—requires careful policy design, capacity building, and investment discipline to ensure that the benefits of energy-led growth translate into sustainable income streams, job creation, and technology transfer. The interaction between energy policy, macroeconomic stability, and structural reforms will shape the region’s resilience to external shocks and its ability to sustain momentum in the years ahead.
From a credit perspective, these energy market dynamics feed into the overall stability of sovereign credit fundamentals across Arab economies. Higher and more predictable energy revenues can improve debt sustainability, reduce fiscal deficits, and expand the space for strategic investments. However, the benefits depend on prudent expenditure and transparent governance. In economies where diversification progresses slowly or where investment is not effectively absorbed, there is a warning that fiscal vulnerabilities could re-emerge even in periods of high energy prices. Consequently, continuous progress in governance reforms, procurement efficiency, and macroeconomic management remains essential to cementing the positive credit trajectory described by Moody’s and the Dhaman data.
The energy sector’s role in regional development goes beyond mere revenue generation. It also underpins employment, skills development, and the capacity to build domestic capabilities in manufacturing, services, and technology. By integrating energy revenue with broader development strategies, Arab economies can foster a more dynamic private sector, promote export diversification, and create more resilient economies capable of navigating price cycles and external shocks. The convergence of policy actions, investment, and market dynamics suggests a future in which the region’s growth is supported by a sustainable mix of energy-led momentum and non-oil development, reducing vulnerability to commodity cycles while enhancing long-term prosperity.
Regional Risks, Stability, and Prospects for Improvement
Despite the positive trajectory suggested by 2024 data and Moody’s 2025 outlook, regional risks persist. The prospect of reduced unrest and improved security conditions remains a conditional factor that could accelerate investment, domestic demand, and growth. Geopolitical tensions, episodic violence, and regional conflicts are capable of disrupting investment plans, delaying project execution, and affecting confidence among both domestic and international investors. The pace at which security conditions improve will directly influence the effectiveness of diversification strategies, the speed of infrastructure development, and the ability to translate energy revenues into broad-based prosperity. The region’s complexity requires a careful balancing of domestic policy priorities and regional cooperation to minimize cross-border spillovers and stabilize economic activities.
Another dimension of risk relates to oil price volatility. Although energy prices have supported the region in recent years, sudden shifts in demand, supply disruptions, or geopolitical shocks could alter fiscal outcomes and investment incentives. A decline in oil revenues could constrain public spending and slow the implementation of major development programs, dampening non-oil sector growth and potentially affecting social outcomes. Conversely, sustained high energy prices could encourage faster investment and diversification, but may also aggravate balance-of-payment pressures if import prices rise or if inflationary pressures intensify. The region’s policy response to such scenarios will be critical to maintaining macroeconomic stability and sustaining the growth momentum described in the Moody’s outlook.
From a structural perspective, the pace at which diversification policies deliver tangible results remains a core uncertainty. Reform measures designed to reduce reliance on energy revenues and to expand non-oil sectors require time to yield measurable outcomes. Training and human capital development, regulatory reforms, infrastructure modernization, and private sector empowerment must be implemented consistently and effectively. The effectiveness of these reforms will influence longer-term productivity, competitiveness, and the ability of economies to absorb and translate investment into sustainable growth. In this sense, the region’s resilience will depend on a combination of policy continuity, governance improvements, and the capacity of institutions to manage large-scale, transformative projects.
The potential for improvement in 2025 also hinges on external factors, including global demand for hydrocarbons and the pace of post-pandemic normalization in trade and travel. A stabilization of global economic conditions and a gradual return of investment flows into the region could amplify growth outcomes beyond the baseline projections. The outlook emphasizes scope for gains in both oil-exporting and non-oil economies, provided that policy makers maintain fiscal discipline, nurture private sector development, and strengthen financial and governance frameworks. The integration of these elements could help lift living standards, increase employment, and broaden access to quality services for a wider segment of the population.
Implications for Investment, Policy, and Future Growth
The 2024 performance and the 2025 outlook carry important implications for investors and policymakers across Arab economies. For investors, the regional narrative underscores the importance of stable policy environments, credible fiscal management, and transparent governance in determining risk-adjusted returns. The strong momentum in energy-related investment and the diversification agenda across the region offer opportunities in infrastructure, manufacturing, technology, and services. However, investors must weigh the concentration of growth in a few large economies against the broader regional diversification goals, ensuring that portfolio allocations reflect both the near-term energy-driven opportunities and the longer-term non-oil growth potential of the region.
Policymakers face the dual task of sustaining near-term growth while laying the groundwork for durable, inclusive development. This requires a continued push on governance reforms, procurement efficiency, and regulatory simplification to reduce barriers for private investment. Fiscal policy must balance the need to maintain robust investment support with the imperative to sustain macroeconomic stability in the face of potential energy price fluctuations. The success of diversification programs will depend on orchestrated efforts across education, workforce training, innovation ecosystems, and the creation of enabling environments for startups and high-growth sectors. The region’s development agenda will also benefit from enhanced regional cooperation, coordinated energy and trade policies, and efforts to align national reforms with global economic trends.
In addition, the projected improvement in energy revenues and the unwinding of production cuts present both opportunities and responsibilities for responsible resource management. Governments will need to ensure that the benefits of higher energy revenues are channeled into growth-enhancing investments, social programs, and targeted support for vulnerable populations. The careful calibration of subsidies, price signals, and social protection mechanisms will help preserve social cohesion and public trust while financing essential development programs. A strategic emphasis on transparency, governance, and anti-corruption measures will strengthen the credibility of reform efforts and attract longer-term investment.
The outlook for the region’s credit environment remains closely tied to the effectiveness of reforms and the reliability of energy revenues as fiscal anchors. If governments can demonstrate a track record of prudent management, clear policy direction, and tangible progress on diversification, the region could see enhanced credit profiles and improved investor confidence. Conversely, if policy uncertainty or geopolitical tensions intensify, risk premiums could rise, potentially constraining access to funding and raising the cost of capital for large-scale projects. The Moody’s assessment suggests that, on balance, the region has the potential to realize a steadier growth path in 2025, but this potential hinges on maintaining policy continuity and delivering on reform promises.
The 2024 results and 2025 forecast together tell a story of a region with a bifurcated growth engine: energy-led momentum in a handful of large economies and a broad, but still nascent, diversification dynamic across the rest of the Arab world. The immediate takeaway is that a combination of higher oil production, large-scale investment, and reform-driven momentum can elevate regional growth, bolster credit fundamentals, and create conditions for more inclusive development. The trajectory will depend on sustained investment execution, prudent fiscal and monetary policy, and the capacity of economies to translate energy wealth into durable, broad-based prosperity for their citizens.
Conclusion
The Arab region posted a 1.8 percent GDP growth in 2024, reaching roughly $3.6 trillion, with growth concentrated in Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Egypt, Iraq, and Algeria, which together accounted for over 72 percent of regional GDP. This pattern aligns with Moody’s January 2025 forecast, which projects a 0.8 percentage point uplift in regional growth driven by oil production and major investment projects, forecasting a 2.9 percent expansion for 2025 and a stable sovereign credit outlook for the next year. In this context, 2025 is expected to bring a 1.4 percent growth for the broader Arab economy, underpinned by expansion in 14 Arab nations, including nine oil producers responsible for more than 78 percent of Arab GDP. The energy sector remains a central pillar, with hydrocarbon exporters projected to grow by about 3.5 percent in 2025 as the partial unwinding of OPEC+ production cuts supports higher output.
The data underscore the region’s dual growth engine: a robust energy-driven core and a broader diversification agenda designed to reduce dependence on oil over time. Investment programs, Vision 2030-type reforms, and sovereign wealth fund activity are shaping a more dynamic and resilient economic landscape, particularly for Saudi Arabia and the UAE, while other economies pursue targeted reforms to unlock non-oil growth opportunities. Yet the outlook remains nuanced, with risks stemming from regional instability, energy price volatility, and the pace of reform implementation. The outlook emphasizes cautious optimism: if policy continuity, governance improvements, and effective project execution align with a favorable energy market environment, the Arab region could sustain meaningful growth momentum into 2025 and beyond, translating energy wealth into durable development gains, higher living standards, and stronger regional resilience.